Austenitic stainless steel refers to stainless steel with austenite structure at room temperature, mainly alloyed with chromium and nickel. When the steel contains about 18% Cr, 8%~10% Ni, and about 0.1% C, it has a stable austenite structure. Austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steel includes the well-known 18Cr-8Ni steel and high Cr-Ni series steels developed on this basis by increasing the content of Cr and Ni and adding elements such as Mo, Cu, Si, Nb, Ti, etc. Austenitic stainless steel is non-magnetic and has good mechanical properties (high toughness and plasticity), which makes it easy to machine, stamp, and weld. The high chromium content greatly improves the steel’s corrosion resistance because a very dense and strong chromium oxide protective film can easily form on the surface. It has good corrosion resistance in oxidizing environments and excellent heat resistance and low-temperature performance. It is suitable for equipment and components that need to bear heavy loads and do not require high corrosion resistance, especially in civil and light industries, and has a wide range of uses.
Common Grades
China Standards:06Cr19Ni10, 022Cr19Ni10, 06Cr17Ni12Mo2, 022Cr17Ni12Mo2, 06Cr25Ni20, 06Cr18Ni11Ti, 07Cr19Ni11Ti, 06Cr18Ni11Nb, 07Cr18Ni11Nb;
American standards:304,304L,316,316L,310S,321,321H,347,347H;
Common Standards
Chinese Standards:GB/T 12771-2019,GB/T 24593-2018,HG/T 20537.1-4-1992
American Standards:ASTM A312-24,ASTM A358-24,ASTM A249-24,ASTM A778-24, ASTM A813-24,ASTM A1016-23,ASTM A999-23.
Common Grades
China Standards:
015Cr20Ni18Mo6CuN,015Cr21Ni26Mo5Cu2,022Cr21Ni25Mo7N;
American Standards:S31254,UNS N08904,UNS N08367;
Common Standards
American Standards:ASTM A312-24,ASTM A358-24,ASTM A249-24;
European Standard:EN10217-7:2021
Super austenitic stainless steel is an austenitic alloy with significantly higher alloy content (Mo, Cr, Ni, and N, etc.) than ordinary austenitic stainless steel, representing one of the important directions in the development of high-quality special stainless steels. Typical examples include super austenitic stainless steels containing 6% and 7% molybdenum. The synergistic effect of Cr, Mo, and N endows super austenitic stainless steel with exceptional resistance to uniform corrosion in acids containing halides, as well as good resistance to pitting (PREN≥56) and stress corrosion under conditions such as seawater, crevices, and low-speed scouring. It particularly exhibits excellent corrosion resistance to sulfate ions, chloride ions, and other acidic ions, making it suitable for use in extremely harsh working environments. Moreover, super austenitic stainless steel possesses excellent comprehensive mechanical properties, which is why this type of steel is widely used in demanding service environments such as flue gas treatment equipment, nuclear power industry, pharmaceutical engineering, pulp bleaching, phosphate fertilizer and chemical fertilizer industry, marine industry, and waste treatment.
Duplex stainless steel is a type of stainless steel with approximately equal amounts of ferrite and austenite in its solid solution structure, or at least 30% of the lesser phase. It improves upon austenitic stainless steel by increasing the content of ferrite-forming elements such as Cr, Si, Nb, and reducing the content of austenite-forming elements like Ni, C, Mn, thereby achieving an austenite-ferrite dual-phase structure. This makes it a nickel-saving stainless steel. It combines the performance characteristics of both ferritic and austenitic steels, offering higher plasticity and toughness compared to ferritic steel, no room temperature brittleness, significantly improved intergranular corrosion resistance and weldability, while maintaining the 475°C brittleness and high thermal conductivity of ferritic stainless steel, along with superplasticity; compared to austenitic stainless steel, it has higher strength and significantly improved resistance to intergranular corrosion, pitting, and chloride stress corrosion, performing excellently in marine corrosion environments, agricultural acid use, and other special media corrosion environments. To further enhance the performance of duplex stainless steel, super duplex stainless steel has been developed, which offers better resistance to severe localized corrosion and improved weldability. Super duplex stainless steel typically contains 25-27% Cr, 6.5-7.5% Ni, 3-4% Mo, N≤0.3%, appropriate amounts of Cu, W, Si, etc., very high cleanliness, precise phase ratio control, and a pitting resistance equivalent number PREN≥40, making it a high Cr, high Mo, high N ultra-low carbon duplex stainless steel. This type of steel exhibits better resistance to severe localized corrosion and superior mechanical properties compared to regular duplex stainless steel.
Common Grades
China Standards:
022Cr23Ni5Mo3N,022Cr25Ni7Mo4N,022Cr23Ni4MoCuN,022Cr23Ni3MoN;
American Standard:
S31803,S32205,S32750,S32760,S32304,S32003;
Common Standards
Chinese Standards:
GB/T 21832.1-2018,GB/T 21832.2-2018,GB/T 21832.3-2024；
American Standards:
STM A789-24,ASTM A790-24, ASTM A928-21;
Common Grades
American Standards: UNS N10276,UNS N08825,UNS N08811,UNS N08810,UNS N06625,UNS N04400
Common Standards
American Standards:ASTM B619-23,ASTM B705-24,ASTM B514-19,ASTM B515-22,ASTM B474-23
Nickel-based alloys are a type of alloy with nickel as the base, which have high strength and certain antioxidant corrosion resistance at high temperatures of 650 to 1000°C. The main element in nickel-based alloys is nickel, which is also the matrix element. Nickel has a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure, which can maintain its original structure during the transition from room temperature to high temperature without undergoing isomorphic transformation. It can also maintain the stability of the austenite phase while dissolving a large amount of alloy elements. Nickel has excellent corrosion resistance, and the addition of alloy elements such as chromium, molybdenum, and titanium further enhances the performance of nickel-based alloys. Nickel-based alloys have excellent physical and chemical properties, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance. These excellent comprehensive properties make them widely used in aerospace, petrochemical and other fields. Currently, according to the main performance, they can be divided into nickel-based heat-resistant alloys, nickel-based corrosion-resistant alloys, nickel-based wear-resistant alloys, nickel-based precision alloys, and nickel-based shape memory alloys.
Titanium alloys are composed of titanium as the base element, combined with various other alloying elements such as Al, Mo, Cr, Sn, Mn, V, etc. Industrial pure titanium (with a purity of 99.5%) is essentially a titanium alloy with a low alloy content, containing impurity elements such as nitrogen, carbon, iron, and silicon. Low-alloy titanium has advantages such as low density, high specific strength, heat resistance, and corrosion resistance. Titanium alloys exhibit excellent mechanical properties and strong corrosion resistance. At room temperature, titanium and its alloys can form a dense and stable oxide film with oxygen, thereby maintaining good corrosion resistance. Moreover, they have high thermal strength, significantly better than aluminum alloys, and their mechanical properties do not change much at low and ultra-low temperatures. Superconductivity occurs when reaching the critical temperature. Due to their stable chemical properties, good resistance to high and low temperatures, strong acids, strong alkalis, as well as their high strength and low density, acclaimed as “space metal.”
Common Srades:
China Standards:TA1,TA2,TA3,TA4,TA5,TA6,TA7,TA9,TA9,TA10,TC4 ELI,TA24;
American Standards: Grade 1,Grade 2,Grade 3,Grade 7,Grade 9,Grade 11,Grade 12
Common Standards:
Chinese Standards:GB/T 3625-2007,GB/T 26057-2010;
American Standard: ASTM B338-17 ASTM B862-23
Copper alloys are composed of pure copper as the base, with one or several other elements added. Depending on the types of elements added, they can be classified into wrought copper, high-copper alloys, brass alloys, bronze alloys, and white copper alloys. Copper alloys possess excellent physical properties, including superb thermal and electrical conductivity, good wear resistance, and excellent corrosion resistance and malleability. Therefore, they are widely used in modern engineering technology fields.
Common Grades
China Standards:B10,B20,B23,B25,B30,BZn12-26,BZn18-20;
American Standards: C70600,C70620,C71500,C71520;
Common Standards
American Standards:ASTM B608-18,ASTM B467-22
Bimetallic composite pipes are steel pipes that combine a carbon steel base layer with a corrosion-resistant layer through either cladding (metallurgical bonding) or lining (mechanical bonding). The corrosion-resistant layer can be made of austenitic stainless steel, copper-based alloys, nickel-based alloys, Hastelloy, titanium, titanium alloys, duplex stainless steel, etc. Bimetallic composite pipes not only possess the high corrosion resistance of corrosion-resistant alloys but also the good bending strength and impact resistance of carbon steel. At the same time, they save scarce metal resources such as Cr, Ni, Ti, etc., while meeting performance requirements.
Common Grades
China Standards:X46M+LC1812,X65M+UNS N06625,X65M+UNS N08825, Q345R+316L,Q245R+S30403,Q390C+S32304;
American Standard:
Common Standards
Chinese Standards:GB/T 31940-2015, GB/T 18704-2008,SYT 6623-2018; American Standard:API Spec 5LD (R2020)
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